UTILIZATION OF OIL BEAN MEALS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PHYTASE FOR ANIMAL FEED.
Phytases, a class of phosphomonoesterases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate 3-phosphorylase; EC 3.1.3.8, myo-inositol hexakisphosphate 6-phosphorylase; EC 3.1.3.26 and myo-inositol hexakisphosphate 5-phosphorylase; EC 3.1.3.72) are enzymes that have found prominence in the area of feed formulation for monogastric animals since they are capable of hydrolyzing the phytic acid found in hulls, seeds, grains and nuts; leading to a stepwise release of phosphorus, calcium and other nutrients bound to it. The need to scale up its production to industrial level requires detailed optimization technology to be put in place. A bacteria isolate capable of hydrolyzing phytate was obtained from a soil sample gotten from an abattoir in NAFRC, Oshodi. The isolate, identified as Bacillus subtilis was used for phytase production using PKC as sole substrate, via solid state fermentation. Degradation studies on fermented PKC sample revealed up to 61.71% phytate degradation. The pH optima were 3.0 and 5.5 respectively; while the optimum temperature was found to be 45°C. It implies that this acid phytase will be useful in feed formulation since it remains active during the crucial phase of digestion. Thermal stability studies revealed that the phytase enzyme retained 85% of its activity when heated at 60°C for 100 minutes. Optimization of the culture condition showed that Bacillus subtilis had preference for a mixed carbon source of glucose (0.75%) and sucrose (0.75%).